不同耐燃裝修材料組合對封閉空間火災行為之影響

黃林生

[中文摘要]

台灣目前封閉式空間形式之休閒娛樂場所如雨後春筍般的叢生。此類場所採用大量的裝修材料，為了維護人們休閒活動時之安全，實有必要了解封閉空間之火災行為，進而探討該類型場所之防火對策。本研究之內容先以相似則理論推導出全尺寸房間可縮小尺寸之範圍來製作模型。進而探討各種耐燃等級裝修材料組合及傢俱配置於封閉式空間場所特有的火災行為，以作為火災對策研擬之基礎資料。由研究結果發現，當封閉空間壁面使用耐燃一、二級材料之組合時，較無危險性。當壁面使用耐級三級之組合時，因材料本身有燃燒之虞，相對上有較高之危險性；其中當壁面使用耐三級裝修材料，天花板使用耐燃三級裝修材料時，危險性更高。封閉空間僅有包襯座墊傢俱時，其擺設位置對火災行為並未有太大影響。但若有擺設其它可燃傢俱時，除了會因火勢延燒方向不同，亦可能因各傢俱間相互作用之相乘效果，而使火勢更迅速擴大。封閉空間為耐燃裝修時，則傢俱對火災之影響是大於耐燃裝修材料對火災之影響。於壁面黏貼防焰一級壁布有抑制火勢蔓延之傾向。

[英文摘要]

In Taiwan, closed space recreational places are getting common today. And the decorative materials are used in these places. For the safety reason, it is necessary to understand the behavior of fire in these closed space as well as investigate the countermeasure for fire prevention. The first step of our research is to make miniature of full scale room size under similarity law. Then, study specific fire behaviors concerning the in combustible material components and furniture locations in the closed spaces, which provide basic data for fire countermeasure. The results show that it is less dangerous by using non-flammable flammable grade I and grade II materials on wall covering in the closed space. Because the non-flammable grade III material itself gets blazed easily, it is more dangerous. Using non-flammable grade III materials both on wall covering and ceiling is especially dangerous. When there are only upholstered furnitures in the closed space, the locations of them don't affect the fire behavior much if fire happens. But having combustible furnitures around, which causes the different fire spreading directions and which causes an "effect of multiplication", may lead to the faster expansion of fire. By using incombustible material in the closed space, the influence from furnitures is greater than that from the materials. In addition, putting non-flammable grade I wall covering materials can inhabit the fire expansion.