膨脹型塗料之耐火性能研究—以耐火機理與老化前後之性能變化為對象

魏兆嶽

[中文摘要]

近年來，為了因應國內耐火工程上的特殊需求，耐火塗料遂由國外引入國內。也因為如此，耐火塗料在國內實際使用的經驗與相關的研究可說是相當缺乏。基於上述的理由，本研究透過了小尺度耐火試驗、燒餘量試驗、加速耐候試驗以及鹽水噴霧試驗等方法，探討耐火塗料之耐火性能、耐火機理以及老化所可能產生的性能折減。經由各項試驗的結果，本研究得到以下五點結論：
一、在相同斷面尺度因子下，耐火時效與膜厚雖呈正相關，但並非呈線性關係。
二、影響耐火時效之因素除了膜厚、斷面尺度因子外，膨脹後之碳化層的穩定度亦相當重要。
三、依照耐火機理，典型耐火塗料的耐火試驗之耐火時效-溫度曲線圖可略分為四個階段，分別為未發泡期、發泡期、穩定期、不穩定期。
四、由加速耐候試驗所得到的結果而言，耐火塗料經老化後之耐火性能的折減皆在25﹪的合理範圍內。因此耐火塗料若是在一般室內環境使用時應無耐久性的問題。
五、由鹽水噴霧試驗所得到的結果而言，塗膜發生劣化時都是由邊界開始發生。因此邊界的處理方式嚴重影響到塗膜之耐鹽、耐水性能。

[英文摘要]

This study discusses the fire resistance, mechanism of fire resist and durability of intumescent coating by small scale fire test, thermo-analysis, weatherometer test and salt spray test.From the results of tests, there are five conclusions that be made. These include the following.
1.In the same section scale factor, it is positive relationship between fire resistance time and dry film thickness, but it isn't linear dependence.
 2.The cohesion and adhesion of intumesced coating are important factors of fire resistance.
3.According to the mechanism of fire resist, the typical curve of time and temperature during the fire test can be separated four different steps. It includes non-intumesced step, intumescing step, stable step and unstable step.
4.According to the result of weatherometer test, it should be satisfied when the intumescent coating is used in internal.
5.According to the result of salt spray test, the boundary of coating is a weak boundary of durability.