BENJAMIN THOMPSON

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¦bTHOMPSONªº¥Í¬¡¤¤¡A«ÜÃø±N¥LªºÂ¾·~§@¥X²³æªº¤ÀÃþ¡G­P¤O©óºc³y§Î¦¡ªº§¹¾ã©Ê»P³£¥«Àô¹ÒªºÂ×´I©Ê¡A40¦~ªº±M·~¥Í¬¡¤¤¡A¥L¦¨¬°¤@­Ó«Ø¿v¹ê½î³Ð³yªÌ¡A¤@¦ì¿é¤J·~ªÌ¡A¤@¦ì«Ø¿v¾Ç®Õªº­º¸£¡B±Ð®v¡A³]­pªÌ¡A®a¨ã°Ó¤H¡A¦¨¥\ªºÀ\¶¼·~ªÌ.......¡C¹ï¬ü°ê«°¥«¦Ó¨¥¡A§ó¬O¤@¦ì¼ö¤ßªº»â¾ÉªÌ¡C1918¦~¥Í©óSt.Paul¡AMinnesota.µo¸ñ©ó¥Rº¡ÃÀ³NªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¨ã¦³¥Í©R¤Oªº¼Ú¬w¤Æªº«°¥«¤¤¡A¥À¿ËLynne Thompson¬O¤@¦ìµe®a¡B§@®a¤Î²{¥NÃÀ³Nªº¦¬Âê̡A¹ªÀy¥L ´Â¦Vøµeµo®i¡C
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THOMPSON´NŪ©óVirginia ¤j¾Ç¡A¤§«áÂ੹Yale´NŪ¡C
1941¦~«á¨ìBFA
1944
¦~°lÀHWalter Gropius
1946
¦~THOMPSON »P¥LªºªB¤Í(Norman¡AJean Fletcher¡AJohn¡ASally Harkness¡ARobert MoMillan¡ALouis Momillem)¦¨¥ßTAC(´¿ÁܽРGropius¥[¤J)¡C
Thompson ±µ¨ü¤FGropius«ü¾É¡C¹ïThompson¦Ó¨¥¡ATAC¬O¤@­Ó¯à¹ê»Ú±N½m²ß»P¤p²Õ¤u§@(Teamwork) ¥[¥H½×ÃÒªº¦a¤è¡C¦b¦­´Á¡ATACµÛ­«©óªººc³y©M§÷®Æ¦b«Ø¿v¤Wªºªí²{¡CThompson ªº¤u§@¤Ï¬M¤F§Î¦¡ªºµo®i»P§÷®Æ¡Bºc³yªº§¹¾ã¤Î¦a¤è©Êªºªí²{±K¤£¥i¤À¡CThompson °¾¦n¨Ï¥Î¿j§÷ªºªí²{¡A¦p¨Ï¥Î¥Õ¦âªº§÷®Æ¨Ó¼W¥[«Ø¿vª«ªº¦â±m¡A¯¾²zªí²{¡A¨Ã¥H¤Hªº¤â¡B²´·ú§@¬°°ò¥»ªº¤Ø«×¡A¥Øªº¦b«Ø³y¤@­Ó¨}¦n¤ñ¨Ò¡B©M¿Óªº«Ø¿v¡C
1960¦~¥NThompsonµo®i¤F¤@®M²z©Ê»y·J¡A¥H²V¾®¤gªO¬°°ò·Ç¡A¾¨¥i¯à¦aÃnÅS¥Xµø³¥¡A¾÷±ñ¨t²Î®I³]©óªO¤¤©ÎªÌ¥H¤j«¬¤ä¬W¤ä¼µ¤§“¦w¥þ¦a±a”¤?/FONT>(Carefully zoned)¡A¦¹ºØºc³y»y·Jªº¾AÀ³©Ê·¥°ª¡A¥i¥H¿í´`¬W¶ZªºÅܤƩMµ²ºc¤Wªº§ïÅܨӦ^À³­p¹º¤Î°t¸m¤Wªº¦Ò¼{ -- ¸õ¥Xºc³y¤WªºÅÞ¿è¡C¼W¥[¤F¥­­±°t¸m¡BªÅ¶¡¤Î¼W¥[µ¡¤á³B²zªº¦Û¥Ñ©Ê¡A¹ªÀy¤F¤£¹ïºÙ»y·Jªºµo®i¡C¦b¤@©wªº½d³ò¸Ì«O¯d¤FÅãµÛ¤Î¤@­Pªº¤H©Ê¤Î¤ñ¨Ò¡C
1950¦~¥N¥½´ÁThompson¹ï©ó¦Ñ«ؿvªº§ó·sª`¤J¤F·¥°ªªº¿³½o¡A50¦~¥N¥½´Á¥L³Q­n¨D§ó·sHarvard Yard ªº¤K¼l18¡B19¥@¬öªº±JªÙ -- ­«·s°t¸m¤º³¡¦Ó«D¥~³¡ªº­×§ï¡C1959¦~Thompson »¡ªA¤FHarvard ¤j¾Ç¡A°±¤î©î°£Boylston Hallªº­p¹º¡AThompson¥©§®¦a±N¤@¨Ç·sªº²Ó³¡¥[¤J(¨Ò¦p¥­ªO¬Á¼þ»P¦Ñ¦¡¥Ûºc³y¡A«ý¡B¾ô¼Ùªºµ²¦X)¡C
1953¦~¡A¦bTAC¤u§@¤C¦~«á¡ABTAµo²{¤F¥t¤@ºØ¶ì³y«Ø¿vÀô¹Òªº¤èªk -- ¥L¶}©l±q¨Æ«Ø¿vªº¤º³¡³]­p¡C¥L¶}¤F¤@®a¦W¥s Design Research (D/R)ªº©±¡AD/R ¶}©l©ó¼C¾ôªº¤@¶¡µó«Î¡A¦ÓÂX®i¦Ü¯Ã¬ù(1960)ª÷¤s(1965)³Ì«á¡A¼C¾ôµo®i¦¨¥Lªº¨Æ·~Á`³¡(1969)Thompson©e°U³\¦h¼Ú¬wªº¤u¦K¡B³]­p®v½Ñ¦p¡GCarl Auboch¡BRoberto Niederer¡BJoe Cdombo ¬°¥L»s³y³]­p®a­Ñ¡C¸g¥ÑD/R¡A Thompson ±NªâÄõªº¬y¦æª««~¤ÎMarimekkoªº²£«~¤¶²Ð¨ì¬ü°ê1950¦~¥N¥½¨ì60¦~¥ND/R ±Nµøıªº¦h¼Ë©Ê¤¶²Ðµ¹·í¥Nªº®ø¶OªÌ¡A¨ãÅé¦a´_µd¤å¤Æ¡CD/R ¬O¤@¶¡¥þ¬Á¼þùÙ¤­¼hªº³z©ú«Ø¿v¡A¥¦¬OThompsonªº°Ó³õ«Ø¿vªºªì¦¸À|¸Õ¡C¥¦»¡©ú¤FThompson¹ï«Ø¿vª«ªº«H¥õ -- ¤@­ÓµL»Ùê¥B¤¤¥ßªº®e¾¹¡A¦p¦P¥Í©R¤¤ªºµL¯´§Ç©M¤£¥i¹w´ú¤@¯ë¡C¦ý¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡ACombridge §¹¦¨«á¤@¦~Thompson³Q­¢Â÷¶}D/R¡A¥LªºÄ~©ÓªÌ¨³³t¦a±N³sÂê¨Æ·~ÂX®i¨ì¤£¾A¦Xªº¥«³õ¾P°â¡A³Ì«á¡A¥L­Ì·´¤FD/R¡C¦b¦¹¤@®É´Á¡AThompson¦P®É¦bHarvard?/FONT>s Graduate School of Design±Â½Ò¡C1963¦~Gropius ÁܽÐThompson¨Ó¥D«ù¥Lªº¨Æ°È©Ò¡A¦b¥L¥|¦~ªº¥ô´Á¤º¡A³Ì¥D­nªº¥Ø¼Ð¬O­n±N±M·~ªº³]­pª¾ÃÑ»PªÀ·|ªº¹ê»Ú¶·¨D¡A¦ÛµM¤Î³£¥«Àô¹Ò¤©¥Hµ¹¦X¡AThompson¤Þ¥Î¤F?/FONT>Real World”ªº±Ð¾Ç¤èªk -- ¥[­«¹ï§÷®Æªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¹ïºc³y§Þ³Nªº´L­«¡A¹ï«Ø¿v¥ØªºªºÁA¸Ñ¡A¥H¤Î¹ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»{ª¾¡A¥L¤Þ¤J¤F³\¦h¤£¦P»â°ìªº¤H¨ì¥Lªº³]­p¤u§@«Ç¡A²M·¡¦a¶Ç¹F¤F¹ïArchitectureªºReal Tasks(¤Ï¹ï©â¶H¤Î¯Â²z½×ªº¨Æª«)¡CThompson¹ªÀy¤u§@«Ç¥[¤J¡A¨Ï²z½×©M¾Þ§@ªº¦X¨Ö¨Ó¸Ñ¨MÃö©ó¤H¤Î³]­p¤Wªº½ÒÃD¡A³Ì­«­nªº¬OThompson¹ªÀy¤F“¤H©Ê»ù­È”ªº­«­n©Ê¡C¦b°ê¤ºªº²z½×©M±M·~»â°ìùØ¡A¥L¤Ï¹ï¤@¨Ç¦b«Ø¿v³]­p¤Wªº¬y¦æ²z½×¤Î¹ï¦ÛµM¤Î¤½¦@¼Ë¦¡±Ä¼Ä¹ï¥ß³õªº­p¹º¡A¥L¥D±i«~½è¡B¤H©Ê¤Ø«×¡B§Þ³N¡B¼¦¼§¥H¤ÎÃø¥H§ÑÃhªº -- Åw¼Ö¡I¡I
1966¦~1¤ëThompsonÂ÷¶}TAC³Ð¥ß¤FBenjamin Thompson & Associate (BTA)¡A¥L­n¦b¤u§@¤W¦³§ó¦hªº¦Û¥DÅv¡A¦]¦¹¼vÅT¨ì¥L¦b¤å¤Æ¤W¹ï«Ø¿v¤Î«°¥«ºë¯«ªº¬Ýªk¡C¦b1960¦~¥N¤¤´Á¡ABTA¹ï·í®É²£¥Í¤F·¥¤jªº¼vÅT¡AThompson»{¬°«Ø¿vª«¤£À³¸Ó¦¨¬°³£¥«ªº¥D¨¤¡A¦Ó³£¥«§ó·s§ó¤£À³¸Ó¿äÆnÀô¹Ò¡A°kÁ×¥L­Ìªº³£¥«³d¥ô¡C¥L¥¿¦¡©ñ±ó¤F»G¦´³£¥«¤U»{¬°²z©Ò·íµMªº¨Æª«¡A¥Lª§½×µÛÀ³¸Ó¥H¥t¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¨Ó§ïµ½§Ú­Ì©Ò»{¬°²z©Ò·íµMªºµøıÀô¹Ò¡CThompson ¦b1966¦~µoªí¤F¤@½g½×¤å“µøıªº»êż»PªÀ·|¥¢½Õ?/FONT>(Visual Squalor and Social Disorder)´£¥X¤F«Ø¿vÀô¹Ò¹ï¤HÃþ«H¥õªº¼vÅT¡A¥H¤Î²{¥N³£¥«¥Í¬¡¤U«Ø¿vªº½ì¨ý©Ê¤Î±Ó·P©Ê(joy and sensibility)¡C¨C¤@­ÓBTA­p¹ºªº®Ö¤ß¡A³£¬O¤@­Ó¥Ñºc·Qµo®i¨ìijÃDªº¹Lµ{¡AThompson±N³£¥«©w¦ì¦b¤Hªº³£¥«(City of Man)ªº¨¤¦â¤W¡A¥¦¥²¶·¤Ï¬M¥X¤HÃþ¤Ø«×©MªÀ·|¬¡°ÊªºÃö«Y¡C¬Û¹ï¦a¡A¥¦¤]¥²¶·¹ï¦ÛµM¤Î¦ÛµMªº¨Æª«¦³©Ò»{ÃÑ¡G¥|©uÅܤơB¤ôªº¤è¦V¥H¤Î³õ©Ò¦b¤é©]¤£¦Pªº­±»ª¤Î¥Í©R¥i·Rªº¤½¥­©Ê¡A³o¨Ç³£¥i¥H¦b¶g´Á©Êªº·Ç«h¤U±o¨ìÅéÅç¡C¬°¤F¹ê²{City of Man ¡AThompson µo®i¤F¦h©óªí­±¤T­¿ªº·Q¹³¡A³o¤TºØ·Q¹³(¦L¶H)¬O¡A¼f·V¦aÁקKµ²¦X©Ê¡BÂù­«©Ê¡B¶Ç²Îªº¯Â²z½×¤ñ¸û»P¤ÀªR¡A¥L³q±`¿ï¾Ü¨Ó¦Û­µ¼Ö¡B«DÄYµÂ©ÊªºÃD¥Ø¡A¥¦³q±`¬O»´¬Xªº¡B¥Í¬¡ªº¡B±µªñ¥Í©R¤Ø«×ªº¡A³o¨Ç³£¬OThompson ³Ì³ßÅwªº³£¥«¸gÅç¡C
City of Man ªººc·Q¦b´_µd³£¥««e¡A¥²¶·¦¨¬°¤@­Ó¤u§@¹ê¨Ò¡G¥i¹ê¦æªº¡A±µªñ¥Í¬¡ªº¡B¾÷¯àªº³£¥«³]¸m¡A³o¨Çºc·Q¦b¤u§@¤¤±o¨ì¤F½×ÃÒ¡C1967¦~Thompson¶i¤JBRA (Boston Redevelopment Authority)¶i¦æ«°¥«ªºÂÂ¥«³õ¦A¥Í¤u§@¡A¥]¬A¤F·í¦a°Ó¤H³Ò¹Bªº¤p¦YÅu¡B©@°Ø®y¡BÀ\ÆU¡B¤â±À¨®.........µ¥¡C
1970¦~Thompsonªº­p¹º®×¤J¿ï¬°BRA¥D¿ìªº«Ø¿v¶}µoÄv¹Ï¡A¤»¦~«á(1976¦~) Faneuil Hall Marketplace­«·s¶}¹õ¡A­è¦nº¡150¶g¦~¡A¥ß¨è¦a¡A¥¦±o¨ì°Ó·~¤W¤Î¤j²³¤W¥HÀ£­Ë©Êªº¦¨¥\¡A¥¦¬O¸g¾ú²{¥N¥D¸q¤âªk¨Ó«ì´_¾ú¥vªº¤@ºØ§Î¦¡¡AFaneuil Hall Marketplace ¨ÏThompson¥H³sÄò¤Î¾ã¦X¥j¨å¤Î²{¥N¤¸¯Àªº¤âªk¥H¤Î¥L±qBoylston Hallªº¸gÅç±o¨ì½×ÃÒ¡CThompson·QÂǦ¹ÅãÅS«Ø¿v¦]À³¦¨ªø¡A¨Ï¥Î¥\¯àªº§ïÅܤηsªº§Þ³N¦Ó±o¨ì§Ö³tªº¶i¤Æ -- ¥i¥H±q¥D­n«Ø¿vª«ªº¬Á¼þ¿j±a¨Óªº³z©ú·P¤¤¬dı¡C
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Faneuil Hall ªº¦P®É¡AThompson»P¥Lªº©d¤lJane¦X¶}¤F¤@®aÀ\ÆU¡A¦W¥sThe Landmark Inn¥]¬A¤F¤@­ÓÅS¤Ñ©@°Ø«Î¡A¦û¦³3¼h¼Ó¦ì©ó¥«³õªººÝÂI¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬OThompson ²Ä¤@¦¸«_ÀI¡A¹L¤F¤£¤[¡A¦b¥¢¥hD/R¤§«á¡A¥L­Ì¤S¶}¤F¤@¦W¥sHarvest ªº¤p°sÀ]¡A¦ì©óBTAªºªþªñ¡A¥L­Ì¦ÛºÙHarvard Square¶·­n¤@­Ó¦³±Ð¾iªº¾F©~¯à°÷´£¨Ñ¦nªº¤ÈÀ\¡B´r§Öªº±ßÀ\¡B¥H¤Î¤Íµ½ªº»E·|¡C10¦~«á¡A³o¤G¶µ«_ÀIªº§ë¸ê¡AÅܱoÁcºa°_¨Ó¡CBTA³]­p©Mµo®i³\¦hªº³£¥«°Ó³õ¡A¨C¤@­Ó³£¤ÏÀ³¥X¥¦¦Û¤v¯S¦³ªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¤£¦Pªº¶·¨D©Ò¦]À³ªº³]­pºc«ä¡A¦p¡GHarborplace in Baltimore(1980)¡ASouth Street Seaport in New York (1985)¡ABayside in Miami(1987)¡AJacksonville Landing in Florida(1987)¡ACentury City in Los Angeles (1987)¡AUnion Station in Washington¡AD.C.(1988)¡C
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Ordway Music Theqter in St.Paul¡AMinnesota(1984)®×¨Ò¤¤¥iµo²{BTA¦b°l¨D®öº©¡BªÀ¥æ©Ê¡Bª¾Ä±ªº´r§Ö¤Î¤H©Ê¼Ö½ì -- «Ø¥ß¦bÁ¾µêªº§Þ³N¯à¤O¤W¡A¦b§ïµ½St.Paul «°¥«Àô¹Ò¡A¨Ï¥Î¤F¥H¤½¶é¶ñ¥R«°¥«Ãä½tªº¤âªk¡A¦]¦Ó³Ð³y¤F©ú«Gªº¤¤¥¡¤å¤Æ°Ï°ì¡CThompson ¦b50¤Î60¦~¥NÅãÅS¥X¤£¦P©ó¥¿²Î²{¥N¥D¸qªº¯S½è -- ¨Ò¦p¥L¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç¶Ç²Îªº§÷®Æ¥H¤Î¥LÃö¤ß¾ú¥v«Ø¿v¤Î¾ú¥v­I´ºªººA«×¡A¦ý¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡A¦b80¦~¥NBTAÁͦV©ó¤@ºØ§ó¦Û¥Ñªº­·®æ -- ¥©§®¦aÁקK¥ô¦ó»P¾ú¥v«Ø¿v§Î¦¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¨ú¦Ó¥N¤§ªº¬O¤½¶}¦aµ²¦X²{¥N¥D¸q¨Ï¥Îªº§÷®Æ¤Î³]­p»y·J¡CThompsonªº³]­p¥Ø¼Ð¤Î¤âªk¡A¨D¦Û©ó¥L¦­´Áªº¦X§@¹Ù¦ñ -- Gropius¨­¤W¡A¦bBTAªº¤u§@¤¤¡A¥L­Ì×¾¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@¨Ç¸û²M·¡¦Ó¥BÂ×´Iªº³]­p»y·J¡CThompson ¾ÞÁaµÛ­Ó¤Hªº³]­p¨«¦V¡G©Úµ´±µ¨üÅQ¹D³W«h¤Uªº¼Ë¦¡¡Aª`­«¾÷¯à¡Bª¾Ä±©M­Û²z¦¸§Ç¡C¥L¬O¤@¦ì¦ÛµM¥D¸qªº³]­pªÌ¡A¥»¯à¦aª`·N¨ì¤F°t¸mªº¦X¾A©Ê¡B¤ôªº¬¡¼â©Ê¤Î¥ú¼vªº½ì¨ý©Ê -- ³o¨Ç³q±`³£¸g¥Ñºë½o¦Ó²³æªº§÷®Æªí¹F¡CThompson¬Û«H¡A«Ø¿v¬O¥iŪªº¡A¸g¥Ñªí­±ªººc³y¡B²Õ´¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¥¦ªº¾ú¥v¡A¥¦ªº¬G¨Æ -- ³o¨Ç³£¬O«Ø¿v¸gÅ窺¥»½è¡C
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BTA³Ð©l¥H¨Ó¡Aűo¤F16®y°ê»Ú©Ê¤Î¦a¤è©ÊªºAIA Houor Awards ¥H¤Î3®y Harleston Parker Wards for the best building in Boston¡C1987¦~BTA ±o¨ìAIAªº³Ì®a¹ÎÅé¼ú -- The National Architectural Firm Award ¡A¦Ó¦­¦b2¦~«e¡AThompson´N¤w¸g±o¨ì¤FLouis Sullivan Award¡A¥Hªí´­¥L¦b¿j¤Î¥Û§÷¤Wªºªø´Á­¶Äm¡C¦Û±q1966 ¦~¶}©l¡A¥L«K¤v¦¨¬°American Academy of Art and Sciences ªº·|­û¡C
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BTA´ÂThompsonªº¹Ú·Q«e¶i -- «Ø¥ß¤@­ÓÄÝ©ó¤Hªº«°¥«¡A¤j³¡¥÷¬O¦³Ãö¤ô©M³\¦h³æ¤@¤Ø¤o(25-100­^¯a)ªº³B²z¡A¦³³\¦h«°¥«²Å¦X¤FBTA´£®×ªº±ø¥ó¦p. San Diego©MBuffalo¡ABTAªº´£®×¥D­n¦b«ì´_¥L­Ì¤ôÀئa°Ïªº¥Í¾÷¡C¬Û¦Pªº©e°U¡A¤]¨Ó¦Û³\¦h¼Ú¬w«°¥«¡A¦p.Amsterdam Dublin ¡BLondon¡A¥D­n¦b³ê¿ô¥¦­ÌªºªeÀؤδäÆW¦a°Ï¼ç¦bªº¥Í¾÷¡C


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FAIA ³Ð¥ßªÌ,­ÝÁ`µô 1966 - ²{¦b¡C
1941¦~­C¾|¤j¾Ç(Yale University)«Ø¿v¨t²¦·~¡C
1963-1967 «¢¦ò¤j¾Ç(Harvard University)«Ø¿v¾Ç¨t°|ªø¡C
1966 AIA¦WÅA¼f¬d­û¡C
1953-1970 D/R (Design Research)Á`µô¡C
1972-1982 BRA(Boston Redevelopment Authory)³]­pÅU°Ý©e­û·|¦a°ì¦A¬¡¤Æ©e­û¡C
1975 ¥[¤JAIA(American Institute of Architects)¡C
1985 ©ú¥§Ä¬µª¾Ç°|¬ü³N³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C
1979 ³ÂÁɽѦ{¥ß¤j¾Ç¬ü³N³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C
1979 ®w¤ñ(Colby)¾Ç°|³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C


­«­n§@«~

New York University Law School,1978-1981,Washington Square/West Third Street,New York,New York¡C
Colby College Dormitories,Waterville,Maine¡C
Amherst College Music building,Amherst,Massachasetts
Kirklamd College Clinton,New York
¡C
Harvard law school Pound Building and Faculty office Building,Cambridge,Massachusetts¡C
IBM Corporation Headquarters Staff offices and Conference Center,Southbury connection¡C


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B.Thompson,"Visual Squalor and Social Disorder-A New Vison of a City of a Man,"Architectural Record 145(4),161-164(Apr.1969)
B.Thompson,
"The World around Us-Towards an Architecture of Joy and Human Sensibility,"Architectural Record 142(3),153-158(Sept.1967)
B.Thompson,
"Let`s Make It Real,"Architectural Record 139(1),107-120(Jan.1966)
B.L.Diamondstein,
"Interview with Benjamain Thompson,"in American Architecture Now 2,Rizzoli International Publications,New York,1985,pp212-221
A.O.Dean,
"Benjamin Thompson & Associates Receives AIA`s Firm Award,"Architecture 76(1),14-18(Jan.1987)
Sharp,Dennis ed.(1991) The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architect, and Architecture, New York:Whitney Library of Design.