BENJAMIN THOMPSON ¦bTHOMPSONªº¥Í¬¡¤¤¡A«ÜÃø±N¥LªºÂ¾·~§@¥X²³æªº¤ÀÃþ¡GP¤O©óºc³y§Î¦¡ªº§¹¾ã©Ê»P³£¥«Àô¹ÒªºÂ×´I©Ê¡A40¦~ªº±M·~¥Í¬¡¤¤¡A¥L¦¨¬°¤@Ó«Ø¿v¹ê½î³Ð³yªÌ¡A¤@¦ì¿é¤J·~ªÌ¡A¤@¦ì«Ø¿v¾Ç®Õªºº¸£¡B±Ð®v¡A³]pªÌ¡A®a¨ã°Ó¤H¡A¦¨¥\ªºÀ\¶¼·~ªÌ.......¡C¹ï¬ü°ê«°¥«¦Ó¨¥¡A§ó¬O¤@¦ì¼ö¤ßªº»â¾ÉªÌ¡C1918¦~¥Í©óSt.Paul¡AMinnesota.µo¸ñ©ó¥Rº¡ÃÀ³NªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¨ã¦³¥Í©R¤Oªº¼Ú¬w¤Æªº«°¥«¤¤¡A¥À¿ËLynne Thompson¬O¤@¦ìµe®a¡B§@®a¤Î²{¥NÃÀ³Nªº¦¬Âê̡A¹ªÀy¥L
´Â¦Vøµeµo®i¡C FAIA ³Ð¥ßªÌ,ÝÁ`µô 1966
- ²{¦b¡C New York University Law School,1978-1981,Washington
Square/West Third Street,New York,New York¡C B.Thompson,"Visual Squalor and Social Disorder-A New Vison of a City of
a Man,"Architectural
Record 145(4),161-164(Apr.1969)
´ö´¶´Ë
³Ì¦THOMPSON´NŪ©óVirginia ¤j¾Ç¡A¤§«áÂ੹Yale´NŪ¡C
1941¦~«á¨ìBFA
1944¦~°lÀHWalter Gropius
1946¦~THOMPSON »P¥LªºªB¤Í(Norman¡AJean Fletcher¡AJohn¡ASally Harkness¡ARobert MoMillan¡ALouis
Momillem)¦¨¥ßTAC(´¿ÁܽРGropius¥[¤J)¡C
Thompson ±µ¨ü¤FGropius«ü¾É¡C¹ïThompson¦Ó¨¥¡ATAC¬O¤@Ó¯à¹ê»Ú±N½m²ß»P¤p²Õ¤u§@(Teamwork) ¥[¥H½×ÃÒªº¦a¤è¡C¦b¦´Á¡ATACµÛ«©óªººc³y©M§÷®Æ¦b«Ø¿v¤Wªºªí²{¡CThompson ªº¤u§@¤Ï¬M¤F§Î¦¡ªºµo®i»P§÷®Æ¡Bºc³yªº§¹¾ã¤Î¦a¤è©Êªºªí²{±K¤£¥i¤À¡CThompson °¾¦n¨Ï¥Î¿j§÷ªºªí²{¡A¦p¨Ï¥Î¥Õ¦âªº§÷®Æ¨Ó¼W¥[«Ø¿vª«ªº¦â±m¡A¯¾²zªí²{¡A¨Ã¥H¤Hªº¤â¡B²´·ú§@¬°°ò¥»ªº¤Ø«×¡A¥Øªº¦b«Ø³y¤@Ó¨}¦n¤ñ¨Ò¡B©M¿Óªº«Ø¿v¡C
1960¦~¥NThompsonµo®i¤F¤@®M²z©Ê»y·J¡A¥H²V¾®¤gªO¬°°ò·Ç¡A¾¨¥i¯à¦aÃnÅS¥Xµø³¥¡A¾÷±ñ¨t²Î®I³]©óªO¤¤©ÎªÌ¥H¤j«¬¤ä¬W¤ä¼µ¤§“¦w¥þ¦a±a”¤?/FONT>(Carefully zoned)¡A¦¹ºØºc³y»y·Jªº¾AÀ³©Ê·¥°ª¡A¥i¥H¿í´`¬W¶ZªºÅܤƩMµ²ºc¤Wªº§ïÅܨӦ^À³p¹º¤Î°t¸m¤Wªº¦Ò¼{
-- ¸õ¥Xºc³y¤WªºÅÞ¿è¡C¼W¥[¤F¥±°t¸m¡BªÅ¶¡¤Î¼W¥[µ¡¤á³B²zªº¦Û¥Ñ©Ê¡A¹ªÀy¤F¤£¹ïºÙ»y·Jªºµo®i¡C¦b¤@©wªº½d³ò¸Ì«O¯d¤FÅãµÛ¤Î¤@Pªº¤H©Ê¤Î¤ñ¨Ò¡C
1950¦~¥N¥½´ÁThompson¹ï©ó¦Ñ«ؿvªº§ó·sª`¤J¤F·¥°ªªº¿³½o¡A50¦~¥N¥½´Á¥L³Qn¨D§ó·sHarvard Yard ªº¤K¼l18¡B19¥@¬öªº±JªÙ -- «·s°t¸m¤º³¡¦Ó«D¥~³¡ªº×§ï¡C1959¦~Thompson
»¡ªA¤FHarvard ¤j¾Ç¡A°±¤î©î°£Boylston Hallªºp¹º¡AThompson¥©§®¦a±N¤@¨Ç·sªº²Ó³¡¥[¤J(¨Ò¦p¥ªO¬Á¼þ»P¦Ñ¦¡¥Ûºc³y¡A«ý¡B¾ô¼Ùªºµ²¦X)¡C
1953¦~¡A¦bTAC¤u§@¤C¦~«á¡ABTAµo²{¤F¥t¤@ºØ¶ì³y«Ø¿vÀô¹Òªº¤èªk --
¥L¶}©l±q¨Æ«Ø¿vªº¤º³¡³]p¡C¥L¶}¤F¤@®a¦W¥s Design Research (D/R)ªº©±¡AD/R ¶}©l©ó¼C¾ôªº¤@¶¡µó«Î¡A¦ÓÂX®i¦Ü¯Ã¬ù(1960)ª÷¤s(1965)³Ì«á¡A¼C¾ôµo®i¦¨¥Lªº¨Æ·~Á`³¡(1969)Thompson©e°U³\¦h¼Ú¬wªº¤u¦K¡B³]p®v½Ñ¦p¡GCarl
Auboch¡BRoberto Niederer¡BJoe Cdombo ¬°¥L»s³y³]p®aÑ¡C¸g¥ÑD/R¡A Thompson
±NªâÄõªº¬y¦æª««~¤ÎMarimekkoªº²£«~¤¶²Ð¨ì¬ü°ê1950¦~¥N¥½¨ì60¦~¥ND/R ±Nµøıªº¦h¼Ë©Ê¤¶²Ðµ¹·í¥Nªº®ø¶OªÌ¡A¨ãÅé¦a´_µd¤å¤Æ¡CD/R ¬O¤@¶¡¥þ¬Á¼þùÙ¤¼hªº³z©ú«Ø¿v¡A¥¦¬OThompsonªº°Ó³õ«Ø¿vªºªì¦¸À|¸Õ¡C¥¦»¡©ú¤FThompson¹ï«Ø¿vª«ªº«H¥õ -- ¤@ÓµL»Ùê¥B¤¤¥ßªº®e¾¹¡A¦p¦P¥Í©R¤¤ªºµL¯´§Ç©M¤£¥i¹w´ú¤@¯ë¡C¦ý¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡ACombridge §¹¦¨«á¤@¦~Thompson³Q¢Â÷¶}D/R¡A¥LªºÄ~©ÓªÌ¨³³t¦a±N³sÂê¨Æ·~ÂX®i¨ì¤£¾A¦Xªº¥«³õ¾P°â¡A³Ì«á¡A¥LÌ·´¤FD/R¡C¦b¦¹¤@®É´Á¡AThompson¦P®É¦bHarvard?/FONT>s Graduate School of Design±Â½Ò¡C1963¦~Gropius
ÁܽÐThompson¨Ó¥D«ù¥Lªº¨Æ°È©Ò¡A¦b¥L¥|¦~ªº¥ô´Á¤º¡A³Ì¥Dnªº¥Ø¼Ð¬On±N±M·~ªº³]pª¾ÃÑ»PªÀ·|ªº¹ê»Ú¶·¨D¡A¦ÛµM¤Î³£¥«Àô¹Ò¤©¥Hµ¹¦X¡AThompson¤Þ¥Î¤F?/FONT>Real World”ªº±Ð¾Ç¤èªk -- ¥[«¹ï§÷®Æªºª¾ÃÑ¡A¹ïºc³y§Þ³Nªº´L«¡A¹ï«Ø¿v¥ØªºªºÁA¸Ñ¡A¥H¤Î¹ï¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº»{ª¾¡A¥L¤Þ¤J¤F³\¦h¤£¦P»â°ìªº¤H¨ì¥Lªº³]p¤u§@«Ç¡A²M·¡¦a¶Ç¹F¤F¹ïArchitectureªºReal
Tasks(¤Ï¹ï©â¶H¤Î¯Â²z½×ªº¨Æª«)¡CThompson¹ªÀy¤u§@«Ç¥[¤J¡A¨Ï²z½×©M¾Þ§@ªº¦X¨Ö¨Ó¸Ñ¨MÃö©ó¤H¤Î³]p¤Wªº½ÒÃD¡A³Ì«nªº¬OThompson¹ªÀy¤F“¤H©Ê»ùÈ”ªº«n©Ê¡C¦b°ê¤ºªº²z½×©M±M·~»â°ìùØ¡A¥L¤Ï¹ï¤@¨Ç¦b«Ø¿v³]p¤Wªº¬y¦æ²z½×¤Î¹ï¦ÛµM¤Î¤½¦@¼Ë¦¡±Ä¼Ä¹ï¥ß³õªºp¹º¡A¥L¥D±i«~½è¡B¤H©Ê¤Ø«×¡B§Þ³N¡B¼¦¼§¥H¤ÎÃø¥H§ÑÃhªº
-- Åw¼Ö¡I¡I
1966¦~1¤ëThompsonÂ÷¶}TAC³Ð¥ß¤FBenjamin Thompson & Associate (BTA)¡A¥Ln¦b¤u§@¤W¦³§ó¦hªº¦Û¥DÅv¡A¦]¦¹¼vÅT¨ì¥L¦b¤å¤Æ¤W¹ï«Ø¿v¤Î«°¥«ºë¯«ªº¬Ýªk¡C¦b1960¦~¥N¤¤´Á¡ABTA¹ï·í®É²£¥Í¤F·¥¤jªº¼vÅT¡AThompson»{¬°«Ø¿vª«¤£À³¸Ó¦¨¬°³£¥«ªº¥D¨¤¡A¦Ó³£¥«§ó·s§ó¤£À³¸Ó¿äÆnÀô¹Ò¡A°kÁ×¥L̪º³£¥«³d¥ô¡C¥L¥¿¦¡©ñ±ó¤F»G¦´³£¥«¤U»{¬°²z©Ò·íµMªº¨Æª«¡A¥Lª§½×µÛÀ³¸Ó¥H¥t¤@ºØ¤è¦¡¨Ó§ïµ½§ÚÌ©Ò»{¬°²z©Ò·íµMªºµøıÀô¹Ò¡CThompson ¦b1966¦~µoªí¤F¤@½g½×¤å“µøıªº»êż»PªÀ·|¥¢½Õ?/FONT>(Visual
Squalor and Social Disorder)´£¥X¤F«Ø¿vÀô¹Ò¹ï¤HÃþ«H¥õªº¼vÅT¡A¥H¤Î²{¥N³£¥«¥Í¬¡¤U«Ø¿vªº½ì¨ý©Ê¤Î±Ó·P©Ê(joy and sensibility)¡C¨C¤@ÓBTAp¹ºªº®Ö¤ß¡A³£¬O¤@ӥѺc·Qµo®i¨ìijÃDªº¹Lµ{¡AThompson±N³£¥«©w¦ì¦b¤Hªº³£¥«(City of Man)ªº¨¤¦â¤W¡A¥¦¥²¶·¤Ï¬M¥X¤HÃþ¤Ø«×©MªÀ·|¬¡°ÊªºÃö«Y¡C¬Û¹ï¦a¡A¥¦¤]¥²¶·¹ï¦ÛµM¤Î¦ÛµMªº¨Æª«¦³©Ò»{ÃÑ¡G¥|©uÅܤơB¤ôªº¤è¦V¥H¤Î³õ©Ò¦b¤é©]¤£¦Pªº±»ª¤Î¥Í©R¥i·Rªº¤½¥©Ê¡A³o¨Ç³£¥i¥H¦b¶g´Á©Êªº·Ç«h¤U±o¨ìÅéÅç¡C¬°¤F¹ê²{City of Man ¡AThompson
µo®i¤F¦h©óªí±¤T¿ªº·Q¹³¡A³o¤TºØ·Q¹³(¦L¶H)¬O¡A¼f·V¦aÁקKµ²¦X©Ê¡BÂù«©Ê¡B¶Ç²Îªº¯Â²z½×¤ñ¸û»P¤ÀªR¡A¥L³q±`¿ï¾Ü¨Ó¦Ûµ¼Ö¡B«DÄYµÂ©ÊªºÃD¥Ø¡A¥¦³q±`¬O»´¬Xªº¡B¥Í¬¡ªº¡B±µªñ¥Í©R¤Ø«×ªº¡A³o¨Ç³£¬OThompson ³Ì³ßÅwªº³£¥«¸gÅç¡C
City of Man ªººc·Q¦b´_µd³£¥««e¡A¥²¶·¦¨¬°¤@Ó¤u§@¹ê¨Ò¡G¥i¹ê¦æªº¡A±µªñ¥Í¬¡ªº¡B¾÷¯àªº³£¥«³]¸m¡A³o¨Çºc·Q¦b¤u§@¤¤±o¨ì¤F½×ÃÒ¡C1967¦~Thompson¶i¤JBRA (Boston Redevelopment Authority)¶i¦æ«°¥«ªºÂÂ¥«³õ¦A¥Í¤u§@¡A¥]¬A¤F·í¦a°Ó¤H³Ò¹Bªº¤p¦YÅu¡B©@°Ø®y¡BÀ\ÆU¡B¤â±À¨®.........µ¥¡C
1970¦~Thompsonªºp¹º®×¤J¿ï¬°BRA¥D¿ìªº«Ø¿v¶}µoÄv¹Ï¡A¤»¦~«á(1976¦~)
Faneuil Hall Marketplace«·s¶}¹õ¡Aè¦nº¡150¶g¦~¡A¥ß¨è¦a¡A¥¦±o¨ì°Ó·~¤W¤Î¤j²³¤W¥HÀ£Ë©Êªº¦¨¥\¡A¥¦¬O¸g¾ú²{¥N¥D¸q¤âªk¨Ó«ì´_¾ú¥vªº¤@ºØ§Î¦¡¡AFaneuil Hall Marketplace ¨ÏThompson¥H³sÄò¤Î¾ã¦X¥j¨å¤Î²{¥N¤¸¯Àªº¤âªk¥H¤Î¥L±qBoylston Hallªº¸gÅç±o¨ì½×ÃÒ¡CThompson·QÂǦ¹ÅãÅS«Ø¿v¦]À³¦¨ªø¡A¨Ï¥Î¥\¯àªº§ïÅܤηsªº§Þ³N¦Ó±o¨ì§Ö³tªº¶i¤Æ
-- ¥i¥H±q¥Dn«Ø¿vª«ªº¬Á¼þ¿j±a¨Óªº³z©ú·P¤¤¬dı¡C
¦b±q¨ÆFaneuil Hall ªº¦P®É¡AThompson»P¥Lªº©d¤lJane¦X¶}¤F¤@®aÀ\ÆU¡A¦W¥sThe Landmark Inn¥]¬A¤F¤@ÓÅS¤Ñ©@°Ø«Î¡A¦û¦³3¼h¼Ó¦ì©ó¥«³õªººÝÂI¡A³o¨Ã¤£¬OThompson ²Ä¤@¦¸«_ÀI¡A¹L¤F¤£¤[¡A¦b¥¢¥hD/R¤§«á¡A¥L̤S¶}¤F¤@¦W¥sHarvest ªº¤p°sÀ]¡A¦ì©óBTAªºªþªñ¡A¥L̦ۺÙHarvard Square¶·n¤@Ó¦³±Ð¾iªº¾F©~¯à°÷´£¨Ñ¦nªº¤ÈÀ\¡B´r§Öªº±ßÀ\¡B¥H¤Î¤Íµ½ªº»E·|¡C10¦~«á¡A³o¤G¶µ«_ÀIªº§ë¸ê¡AÅܱoÁcºa°_¨Ó¡CBTA³]p©Mµo®i³\¦hªº³£¥«°Ó³õ¡A¨C¤@Ó³£¤ÏÀ³¥X¥¦¦Û¤v¯S¦³ªºÀô¹Ò¤Î¤£¦Pªº¶·¨D©Ò¦]À³ªº³]pºc«ä¡A¦p¡GHarborplace in Baltimore(1980)¡ASouth Street Seaport in New York (1985)¡ABayside in Miami(1987)¡AJacksonville Landing in Florida(1987)¡ACentury City in Los Angeles (1987)¡AUnion Station in Washington¡AD.C.(1988)¡C
¦bOrdway Music Theqter in St.Paul¡AMinnesota(1984)®×¨Ò¤¤¥iµo²{BTA¦b°l¨D®öº©¡BªÀ¥æ©Ê¡Bª¾Ä±ªº´r§Ö¤Î¤H©Ê¼Ö½ì
-- «Ø¥ß¦bÁ¾µêªº§Þ³N¯à¤O¤W¡A¦b§ïµ½St.Paul «°¥«Àô¹Ò¡A¨Ï¥Î¤F¥H¤½¶é¶ñ¥R«°¥«Ãä½tªº¤âªk¡A¦]¦Ó³Ð³y¤F©ú«Gªº¤¤¥¡¤å¤Æ°Ï°ì¡CThompson ¦b50¤Î60¦~¥NÅãÅS¥X¤£¦P©ó¥¿²Î²{¥N¥D¸qªº¯S½è
-- ¨Ò¦p¥L¨Ï¥Î¤@¨Ç¶Ç²Îªº§÷®Æ¥H¤Î¥LÃö¤ß¾ú¥v«Ø¿v¤Î¾ú¥vI´ºªººA«×¡A¦ý¿Ø¨ëªº¬O¡A¦b80¦~¥NBTAÁͦV©ó¤@ºØ§ó¦Û¥Ñªº·®æ -- ¥©§®¦aÁקK¥ô¦ó»P¾ú¥v«Ø¿v§Î¦¡ªºÃö«Y¡A¨ú¦Ó¥N¤§ªº¬O¤½¶}¦aµ²¦X²{¥N¥D¸q¨Ï¥Îªº§÷®Æ¤Î³]p»y·J¡CThompsonªº³]p¥Ø¼Ð¤Î¤âªk¡A¨D¦Û©ó¥L¦´Áªº¦X§@¹Ù¦ñ
-- Gropius¨¤W¡A¦bBTAªº¤u§@¤¤¡A¥LÌ×¾¨Ï¥Î¤F¤@¨Ç¸û²M·¡¦Ó¥BÂ×´Iªº³]p»y·J¡CThompson ¾ÞÁaµÛÓ¤Hªº³]p¨«¦V¡G©Úµ´±µ¨üÅQ¹D³W«h¤Uªº¼Ë¦¡¡Aª`«¾÷¯à¡Bª¾Ä±©MÛ²z¦¸§Ç¡C¥L¬O¤@¦ì¦ÛµM¥D¸qªº³]pªÌ¡A¥»¯à¦aª`·N¨ì¤F°t¸mªº¦X¾A©Ê¡B¤ôªº¬¡¼â©Ê¤Î¥ú¼vªº½ì¨ý©Ê
-- ³o¨Ç³q±`³£¸g¥Ñºë½o¦Ó²³æªº§÷®Æªí¹F¡CThompson¬Û«H¡A«Ø¿v¬O¥iŪªº¡A¸g¥Ñªí±ªººc³y¡B²Õ´¥i¥H¤F¸Ñ¥¦ªº¾ú¥v¡A¥¦ªº¬G¨Æ
-- ³o¨Ç³£¬O«Ø¿v¸gÅ窺¥»½è¡C
¦ÛBTA³Ð©l¥H¨Ó¡Aűo¤F16®y°ê»Ú©Ê¤Î¦a¤è©ÊªºAIA Houor Awards ¥H¤Î3®y Harleston
Parker Wards for the best building in Boston¡C1987¦~BTA
±o¨ìAIAªº³Ì®a¹ÎÅé¼ú -- The National Architectural
Firm Award ¡A¦Ó¦¦b2¦~«e¡AThompson´N¤w¸g±o¨ì¤FLouis Sullivan Award¡A¥Hªí´¥L¦b¿j¤Î¥Û§÷¤Wªºªø´Á¶Äm¡C¦Û±q1966 ¦~¶}©l¡A¥L«K¤v¦¨¬°American Academy of Art and Sciences ªº·|û¡C
¶i¤J¤F²Ä¤TÓ¤Q¦~¡ABTA´ÂThompsonªº¹Ú·Q«e¶i -- «Ø¥ß¤@ÓÄÝ©ó¤Hªº«°¥«¡A¤j³¡¥÷¬O¦³Ãö¤ô©M³\¦h³æ¤@¤Ø¤o(25-100^¯a)ªº³B²z¡A¦³³\¦h«°¥«²Å¦X¤FBTA´£®×ªº±ø¥ó¦p. San Diego©MBuffalo¡ABTAªº´£®×¥Dn¦b«ì´_¥L̤ôÀئa°Ïªº¥Í¾÷¡C¬Û¦Pªº©e°U¡A¤]¨Ó¦Û³\¦h¼Ú¬w«°¥«¡A¦p.Amsterdam Dublin ¡BLondon¡A¥Dn¦b³ê¿ô¥¦ÌªºªeÀؤδäÆW¦a°Ï¼ç¦bªº¥Í¾÷¡C
¾Ç¸g¾ú
1941¦~C¾|¤j¾Ç(Yale University)«Ø¿v¨t²¦·~¡C
1963-1967 «¢¦ò¤j¾Ç(Harvard University)«Ø¿v¾Ç¨t°|ªø¡C
1966 AIA¦WÅA¼f¬dû¡C
1953-1970 D/R (Design Research)Á`µô¡C
1972-1982 BRA(Boston Redevelopment Authory)³]pÅU°Ý©eû·|¦a°ì¦A¬¡¤Æ©eû¡C
1975 ¥[¤JAIA(American Institute of Architects)¡C
1985 ©ú¥§Ä¬µª¾Ç°|¬ü³N³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C
1979 ³ÂÁɽѦ{¥ß¤j¾Ç¬ü³N³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C
1979 ®w¤ñ(Colby)¾Ç°|³y§Î¾ÇºaÅA³Õ¤h¡C
«n§@«~
Colby College Dormitories,Waterville,Maine¡C
Amherst College Music building,Amherst,Massachasetts
Kirklamd College Clinton,New York¡C
Harvard law school Pound Building and Faculty
office Building,Cambridge,Massachusetts¡C
IBM Corporation Headquarters Staff offices and
Conference Center,Southbury connection¡C
°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø
B.Thompson,"The
World around Us-Towards an Architecture of Joy and Human Sensibility,"Architectural Record 142(3),153-158(Sept.1967)
B.Thompson,"Let`s Make It Real,"Architectural Record 139(1),107-120(Jan.1966)
B.L.Diamondstein,"Interview
with Benjamain Thompson,"in
American Architecture Now 2,Rizzoli International Publications,New York,1985,pp212-221
A.O.Dean,"Benjamin
Thompson & Associates Receives AIA`s
Firm Award,"Architecture
76(1),14-18(Jan.1987)
Sharp,Dennis ed.(1991) The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architect, and Architecture,
New York:Whitney Library of Design.