【建築類型】—Library建築類型 |
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D9113009 |
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鄭幸真 |
2004,Apr.,19 |
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一、歷史發展 |
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希臘、羅馬時期最早的圖書館 |
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Ptolemies'(托勒密) library, |
Alexandria |
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200,0000~700,000 |
rolls |
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Hellenistic(希臘) library |
Pergamon |
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Roman library |
Ephesus |
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Timgad |
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Athens |
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*3th~4th
圖書館幾乎都關閉,直到3th~5th間基督教時期圖書館才再出現。 |
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■5th以後到現代,圖書館發展--「皇家」、「修道院&教堂」、「大學」、「公共圖書館」 |
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◎書本形式轉變: |
roll(捲軸式)
→codex(抄本) |
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papyrus(紙草紙)→vellum(牛皮紙) |
vellum(牛皮紙)→paper(紙張) |
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◎皇家圖書館: |
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Imperial library(476燒毀) |
Constantinpole |
120,000 |
volumes |
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◎修道院圖書館(5th以後): |
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530 |
Benedict在Monte
Sassino建的修道院,描述了修士對"bibliotheca(book-cupboard)的使用。 |
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750 |
Carolingian
Renaissance(卡洛林王朝),曾有「圖書館政策(library policy)」 |
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820 |
St
Gall修道院設計案,曾有圖書館的規劃。(獨棟) |
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831 |
Centula(St
Riquier)—查里曼大帝時的修道院 |
256 |
volumes |
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11th |
Bobbio修道院 |
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650 |
volumes |
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*直到13th左右,中世紀修道院都是書的「製造者」 |
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◎修道院&教堂圖書館:(12th開始) |
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12th中 |
Cluny Abbey |
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500 |
volumes |
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12th中 |
Durham abbey |
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546 |
volumes |
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1395 |
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921 |
volumes |
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1300 |
Canterbury Cathedral |
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700 |
volumes |
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1346 |
St Emmeram |
Regensburg |
德 |
250 |
volumes |
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1400 |
Popes at Avignon(個人) |
Avignon |
法 |
2,000 |
volumes |
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15th中 |
Nicholas V(個人) |
Rome |
義 |
1,200 |
volumes |
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1494 |
Tegernsee Abbey |
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1,738 |
volumes |
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◎大學圖書館:(13th開始) |
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●大學圖書館的興起 |
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—13th左右大學開始興起,圖書需求量也增加。 |
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—當時修道院的「修士」在大學求學或擔任教師。 |
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1424 |
University Library |
Cambridge |
英 |
122 |
volumes |
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1470 |
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330 |
volumes |
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1530 |
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500 or 600 |
volumes |
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18th早期 |
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5000 or 6000 |
volumes |
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1418 |
Peterhouse |
302 |
volumes |
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1453 |
King's |
174 |
volumes |
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1472 |
Queen's |
199 |
volumes |
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15th中University Library |
Oxford |
118 |
volumes |
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16th中 |
Merton College |
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500 |
volumes |
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16th中All Souls |
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500 |
volumes |
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◎公共圖書館(19th開始在美、英大量出現): |
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7.36 |
1857 |
Peabody Institute Library |
Baltimore |
美 |
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7.37 |
1880-83 |
Mass:Crane Memorial Library |
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美 |
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7.38 |
1888-92 |
Public Library |
Boston |
美 |
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7.39 |
1924-25 |
Battersea Reference Library |
London |
英 |
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