Hakka architecture
 

 

 

There is three types of dwellings I believe signify the three stages of Hakka migration. It can be supported by the statistical distribution of the different type of houses along the path of migration.
 

When the first Hakkas moved to Fujian, they were the imperial court officials. They could afford to build the very extravagant houses  五鳳樓 (Phoenix house) that were modeled against the imperial court. Unless the inhabitants were authorized by the emperor, it is unlikely that they could build the houses in this design with such  decor, without risking their lives for violation of the imperial court.
 

In the mid stage, the Hakkas were losing their support and affiliation with the imperial court. They had to compete with the locals on equal (actually less equal) grounds. Failed to have the blessings and protection of the emperor (who was in trouble himself), they were often attacked by the locals. The round houses土樓,圓屋 were built as a very defensive structure to fend off the locals.
 

In the final stage of migration, the Hakkas were more or less integrated with the locals. There was less need for protection and defense. To befriend with the locals, the 平房  were built as a symbol of openness. Piang Fongs also could appear early as the dwellings for the lower class (servants, lower rank officials) who accompanied the nobilities in the southward migration.
 

There is some indication as we learn that the phoenix houses were abundant in early Hakka settlements in Fujian. The Round houses were common in upper(eastern) Pearl River of Guangdong, while near the Pearl delta, mostly we see Piang Fong. In my home village in Dongguan,  I have not seen Phoenix house nor Round house.
 

 

Understanding the jury choice

 

土樓 is not the main characteristic of Hakka people.  Due to its unique structural characteristic and not necessarily identifying with any other kind of  of exiting  building  make it ousting as the Hakka symbol..
If the 土樓 was the unique existent  type of the building in whole Hakka Existence than one could pick in those characteristic as definition of Hakka architecture.